Wealth Disparity in the United States :: essays research papers

Riches in the United States has consistently been inconsistent scattered among African Americans and whites, in any event, going back to the 1800’s. African Americans own less property, are less taught, and are in a lower financial class than whites. Strategies since the 1960’s have been executed in the United States, for example, government assistance, to help diminish the hole between the two, yet the proof proposes that these arrangements have not attempted to their latent capacity.      Furthermore, the inquiry that the creator is attempting to answer is the thing that should be possible to help diminish the riches hole between African Americans and whites. The creator sees governmental policy regarding minorities in society, business proprietorship among blacks, yet in general concentrates the vast majority of his consideration on home and property possession.      The creator recommends that to accomplish the objective of racial and class correspondence, an arrangement needs to depend on financial status, however particularly consider a person’s resources. Whites own generously more property than blacks, which makes an enormous hole in resources among blacks and whites. While numerous blacks need to live in coordinated neighborhoods, white neighborhoods don't need their property estimation declining, so thusly white flight follows. The creator proposes to have a strategy that ensures that dark proprietorship in a local won't top 15 percent, so whites would be less inclined to leave. Likewise, numerous motivating forces have been proposed to help the poor addition flourishing, for example, a national riches charge. This duty would make people audit their benefits and liabilities, and afterward people would be required to pay the legislature a level of that total assets.

Should Bad Credit be a Dating Dealbreaker

Should Bad Credit be a Dating Dealbreaker Should Bad Credit be a Dating Dealbreaker? Should Bad Credit be a Dating Dealbreaker?Between the apps, the blind dates, the meet-cutes, and the constant pressure from mom to “settle down,” dating can be a stressful experience. Finding someone you like enough to share your life with is hard enoughâ€"mix in the fraught concept of money, and it gets even harder.Studies have shown that money is the leading cause of discord within romantic relationships. According to a survey by SunTrust bank, 35 percent of couples said they fought most often about finances, and 47 percent of respondents said they and their partners had different saving and spending habits.So when it comes to dating dealbreakers, just how bad is bad credit? If you’re fiscally responsible to a fault, is it even worth trying to date someone with a mountain of debt and a habit for payday loans? On the flip side, if your credit is poor, is that enough to doom you to the single life forever?We talked to Sam Schultz, co-founder of Honeyfi (@honeyfiapp), a money-ma nagement app for couples,  to find out how romantic duos can be hurt (or helped!) by having the dreaded credit conversation.How soon should you talk credit with your partner?You’re in the first stages of a new relationship, and everything is going well. It feels like you’re in sync on everythingâ€"favorite movies, favorite foods, even a shared love of pygmy elephants! But there’s one topic you haven’t yet had the stomach to explore: credit and money. Where do you even begin? And when is the right time?In general, you should probably start having money talks once a relationship gets serious. What that means is different for every couple, but if you’ve started to include them in your daydreams about the future, or if you’ve had serious talks about being exclusive, moving in together, or even getting married, there’s no time like the present.“If you’re having trouble starting that conversation, try discussing your financial goals first,” said Schultz. “I’d just focus on creating an open dialogue about money. Once you start talking about these things regularly, you’ll naturally get into conversations about spending habits, debt, and credit.”Because money is often such a taboo topic, it can be difficult to know when is an appropriate time to bring it up. That’s why Schultz recommends scheduling 15 to 30-minute “money dates” a few times a month where you and your partner can chat about finances in a safe space.This conversation is going to be different for every couple, and you need to go into it with no judgment on either side. If you’re looking to talk to your partner about money or credit, go in with an open mind and hear them out. If you’re the one with a history of bad credit loans and poor budgeting, Schultz said it’s important to show your other half that you are actively working to improve your situation.“Do some research to understand why your credit is bad and then identify ways to improve your score,” he said. â €œDemonstrating that you’re taking your credit seriously will go a long way with your partner.”So your credit and money habits are different than your partner’s. What now?You had the conversation, and it turns out one of you is much more fiscally responsible than the other. Does this mean your relationship has an expiration date? Not necessarily.“I’ve talked to lots of couples who approach money completely differently,” said Schultz. ”But the important part is that these couples have a system to manage money together that fits their needs. For many couples, a joint account isn’t good enough. In fact, only 34 percent of Millennial couples completely combine finances, according to the 2017 TD Love and Money Survey.”The key, Schultz said, is finding a system for managing money within your relationship that “balances transparency with independence and teamwork with individual accountability.”For example, many couples with different views on money use an “allowanc e” system, where they set up a joint account for shared expenses like rent and groceries and agree on an amount each person is allowed to spend individually per month without having to consult the other.While working out a system like this can work for some couples, its true that not everyone is going  to have the patience or drive to overcome financial hurdles in a relationship, and that’s OK. If you know that you lack the patience to  stand by someone through some pretty serious financial ups and downs, the relationship might not be worth pursuing further.There’s nothing wrong with wanting a partner with similar financial standing and goals. Lets say that your partner is constantly having to resort to  no credit check loans, cash advances, or even borrowing money from you  in order to make end meet; if you can’t see yourself supporting themâ€"either emotionally or financiallyâ€"while they get their credit in order, you probably shouldn’t force the relationship.How can yo u encourage your partner to improve their credit?If you’re dating someone with financial problems, it can be tempting to give them a lecture every time the issue comes up. But that’s not productive, and it probably won’t help either of you in the long run.“Start with empathy,” suggested Schultz, when asked how to help a partner repair their credit. “Your partner might be embarrassed or sensitive about their bad credit score. So, before you give advice, listen to your partner and try to understand how they feel about their credit. Then, remind your partner that a credit score isn’t permanent, and if they are open to suggestions, help them find tools to better understand their credit score. Free apps like Credit Karma and Credit Sesame are often a great place to start.”How supportive is TOO supportive?It’s generally a good thing to stand by your partner in their time of financial need, but when it comes to helping them better their credit, it’s important to look ou t for yourself as well.If your partner comes to you and asks whether you’ll cosign on a personal loan or add them to one of your existing credit card accounts, you might want to reconsider how far you’re willing to put yourself out to help them. For instance, would you be willing to use your car to secure them a title loan? Probably not.If your partner has a history of poor financial decisions, or being irresponsible with their credit, you should think very long and hard before cosigning on a loan or credit card with that person.  No matter how much you love them, tying your good credit to the credit of someone who has historically not been very responsible may not turn out well for you. Instead, work with them to find ways they can improve their credit on their own, without risking yours in the process.Does your credit merge when you get married?Short answer? No. Long answer? Your spouse’s bad credit  CAN affect your life negatively. But your credit score is yours and yours a lone, married or not. If you’re thinking of taking that next step, make sure you two are on the same page when it comes to money management, or that you’ve worked out a system that can make up for any major differences in the way you each approach your finances.So, should bad credit be a dating dealbreaker?Schultz says it depends on the situation.“From my perspective, bad credit shouldn’t be an absolute dealbreaker,” said Schultz. “But if you are considering dating someone with bad credit, you should go into the relationship with your eyes wide open.”Schultz said research suggests that people with higher credit scores are more likely to form and stay in long-term relationships and that couples with credit scores around the same level are more likely to stay together long-term.“If you’re in a relationship with someone who has bad credit, you should be aware that their bad credit could be a challenge in your relationship, and you should proactively take steps to addr ess it early on.”To learn more about managing your life without a credit score, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:How to Get an Apartment With Bad CreditCredit Workbook: The OppLoans Guide to Understanding Your Credit, Credit Report and Credit ScoreHow Bad Credit Can Affect Your Kids’ FutureWhat are your bad credit dating stories? Let us know!  You can  email us  or you can find us on  Facebook  and  Twitter.ContributorsSam Schultz is the co-founder of  Honeyfi (@honeyfiapp), a free app that helps couples manage money together.

Pro-Life vs. Pro-Choice Essay examples - 648 Words

This article is another piece of written truth as to how one’s social upbringing reflects their views and opinions. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The average pro-life activist tends to be a lesser-educated individual who grew up seeing family life as a root to all means. Her parents were of a lower income bracket, barely finished high school, and more that likely her parents provided many siblings. She wed directly out of high school to a low income white collar worked and has many children herself. The pro-life activist believes strongly in the church and the fact that the main purpose of sexuality is procreation. These women were raised to believe that motherhood is the single most rewarding role for a woman. When they become†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When comparing the two views of these activists, it is clear to see how one’s social upbringing will effect their views. Pro-life supporters have always been exposed to the idea that no matter what, there is always room for another child in their home. They have seen their mother as being the homemaker and caregiver f or all family members. These supporters feel it is their place in society to provide the nurturing for the rest of the family while the male is the working mate of the two and not matter how financially set they are, they will find a way to provide. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Pro-choice supporters on the other hand have been raised in a higher social class where more than likely both parents, but at least the father, have a college degree. They have pursued college and have married mate equal to themselves. They share beliefs with their mates that they are equal beings and want to give their children the best they can. Hence the fact, they would rather not bring a child into the world without being able to fully provide for the child the way they were provided for. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One can gather from this article that pro-life supporters, since raised without a lot of financial stability and are unable to provide much for themselves, are unable to see the reasoning toShow MoreRelatedPro Life vs Pro Choice772 Words   |  4 PagesProfessor Brenza Essay-2 March 17th 2015 Pro-life vs. Pro-choice The issue of abortion in the United States will always be a controversial one. Developing two sides of the debate, pro-life and pro-choice. Pro-life are the individuals who do not believe in the option of abortion. Pro-choice are the individuals who believe every woman has the choice to go through with their pregnancy or to not. Despite their contrasts, pro-life and pro-choice explore valid ideas of religion, law and healthRead MorePro Choice Vs. Pro Life1186 Words   |  5 PagesPro-Choice vs. Pro-Life: Abortion Should Remain Legal Jaelyn Evans Atlanta Metropolitan State University The controversy surrounding abortion has been long debated since the Roe v Wade case (1973) as pro-life advocates and pro-choice advocates go neck to neck on whether the process should be banned or remain legal. According to APA (American Psychological Association), abortion is the â€Å"medical or surgical termination of a pregnancy and is one of the oldest, most common and most controversial medicalRead MorePro Choice Vs Pro Life1482 Words   |  6 Pagesabortions since the decision was made in Roe vs. Wade in 1973 (Life News). Some people look at this number and are appalled. But others see this and think of all the people who used abortion as a means to a second chance. Abortion has long been a controversial topic in the U.S. but lots of people are choosing sides without really knowing all the facts. Abortion can be seen from many different sides but most know these sides as pro-choice or pro-life. Pro-choice is known for supporting women’s right toRead MorePro Life Vs Pro Choice Debate1636 Words   |  7 PagesKayla Weekes English 10B Honors Mrs. Kim-Miles The Pro-Life vs Pro-Choice Debate History of Abortion The 1973 court case Roe v. Wade was a landmark decision for United States history, and it still remains very controversial today. The Court ruled that the right to privacy applied to a woman’s choice to have an abortion, therefore legalizing the action. Abortion is officially defined as the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy. TodayRead MorePro Life Vs. Pro Choice2608 Words   |  11 PagesMedical Ethics October 28th, 15 UTEID: psp593 Pro-Life v. Pro-Choice The word abortion can be defined as a spontaneous expulsion of a human fetus during the first 12 weeks of gestation. The debate on abortion has been widely contemplated for centuries. Mainly focusing on whether or not it is morally acceptable for a woman to decide if she can terminate the pregnancy. The act of abortion only justifies that a woman should have the right to exercise her moral ethics with her best interest in mindRead MoreThe Pro Life Movement Vs. Pro Choice Movement Essay1371 Words   |  6 Pageswoman’s right to choose is a constant in healthcare policy. The pro-life movement vs the pro-choice movement has been debating for decades. A nurse has an intimate role in care of these patients and personal beliefs may influence her willingness to care for these patients. A recent ruling in Texas rejected a proposed bill that would greatly hinder a woman’s ability to obtain a safe abortion in that state. Whole Women’s Health vs. Hellerstadt (Texas HB2) was rejected in a 5-3 ruling in June ofRead MoreAbortion: Pro Life vs Pro Choice Essay1748 Words   |  7 PagesAbortion: Pro-Life vs. Pro-Choice Abortion: Pro-Life Vs. Pro-Choice â€Å"Abortion is the spontaneous or artificially induced expulsion of an embryo or fetus† (Abortion, 2002). An artificially induced abortion is the type referred to in the legal context. Abortions happen in different situations. The question comes when is it the right or wrong choice. The root question becomes the moment a fetus becomes a person and entitled to rights. The fetus could be a person at conception, duringRead MorePro Choice Vs. Pro Life : A False Dichotomy2314 Words   |  10 PagesEnglish 2 Carlos Mujal May 13, 2016 Pro-Choice vs. Pro-Life: A False Dichotomy One of the most controversial and emotionally charged topics in the United States still being debated on is abortion. Despite Roe v Wade passing the law for a woman’s right to attain an abortion, there is still much debate surrounding the topic. Questions like, â€Å"When does Life begin?†, â€Å"Is the mother’s life considered as well?†, and most importantly, â€Å"Are you pro-choice or pro-life?† come up consistently before and inRead MoreReproductive Rights : Pro Choice Vs. Pro Life Essay2242 Words   |  9 PagesReproductive rights: Pro-choice vs. pro-life For more than 30 years, reproductive rights have been a controversial topic in the United States pushing people into opposing views as pro-choice and pro-life . In 1973, Roe v Wade granted the legal right for women to abort fetuses before they are viable (Gostin Reingold, 2016) . However in 1992, Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v Casey gave states more rights to regulate abortions in a way to protect the mother and fetus (Gostin Reingold)Read MoreAbortion - Pro Life vs. Pro Choice3265 Words   |  14 PagesOne subject in society that is greatly debated is abortion. The debates are basically divided into Pro-Life and Pro-Choice. Pro-life supporters want abortion to be illegal and not performed anywhere. Pro-choice supporters want the choice to be up to the woman and no one else. There is no ethical way to decide between the two subjects and its all based on what the persons moral values. Abortion is the termination of an unwanted pregnancy by loss of or destruction of an egg, embryo or

The Causes for Global Warming - 1538 Words

It was a dark morning that Sunday, it was the 28th of August of 2005. Douglas and his family heard a storm was coming, so they went to his mother-in-law ´s house, as they always did when there were storms. They were there, and Douglas went to the bay behind the house to check the level of the water. It was too high, and the wind was getting stronger, so he went to warn his wife, daughter, and mother-in-law. As he was heading back, the roof of the house collapsed. None of the three women survived. That is the story of one of the thousands of victims of hurricane Katrina in New Orleans. But, why do disasters with this magnitude occur? Hurricanes, for example, are caused due to the energy from water vapor coming from warm oceans. Oceans get†¦show more content†¦As temperature increases, oceans get warmer. The warmer the oceans, the more CO2 they emit. â€Å"When you warm the ocean up, just like warming up a Coke bottle, it drives the gas out† (Zukerman). Now a day, co nsidering that global temperatures are increasing constantly, oceans emit more CO2 than they did before. Volcanoes are a significant source of CO2 emission. â€Å"Volcanoes produce more CO2 each year than all the factories and cars, and planes, and all the man-made sources put together† (The Great Global Warming Swindle). Animals and plants, like humans, emit CO2 during their respiration process. Although we humans emit a big amount of CO2 on a daily basis, we are not the main source given that natural sources produce much more than us. Throughout history, Earth has had variations in climate during different periods of time. Many of these climate changes show no relation at all to human activities, and â€Å"we are told that the Earth climate is changing, but Earth ´s climate is always changing† (The Great Global Warming Swindle). It is scientifically proven that when sunspots (black spots that appear in the sun ´s surface) increase, global temperature also does. Data collected and charts made by a group of scientists show that there is a higher correlation of sunspots and global temperature than there is on CO2 and global temperature (See chart on page 6). Earth ´s warming began before the invention of cars and planes, when industrialization was insignificant.Show MoreRelatedThe Causes Of Global Warming Essay1705 Words   |  7 Pages Global warming has been for decades the center of discussion between intergovernmental agencies and world leaders, each forum aiming to discuss the causes of the global warming. Scientists have been in the front lie to figure out the causes of the global warming. The hurdles and the efforts to discern the causes of the global warming are to learn ways to counter the causes so as to prevent the earth from vanquishing in the detrimental effects of the global warming. Additionally, the effort to learnRead MoreThe Cause For Global Warming1279 Words   |  6 Pages2015 The Cause for Global Warming Global warming refers to the drastic change in climate. But who are the ones that cause global warming? Is it the people of earth or is it just the natural change in climate as the world ages? People claim that it’s just a natural change in climate, that the people have only a little influence on the climate. Others say that we the people are the cause for the dramatic change in climate with the greenhouse gases we emit into the atmosphere. Global warming is indeedRead MoreCauses of Global Warming816 Words   |  3 Pagesatmosphere. This causes the air on Earth to contain higher kinetic energy due to the fact that more gas particles from the natural gases are colliding with the air particles. The higher kinetic energy results in higher temperature and heating of Earth’s surface. The heating of the Earth’s surface causes many of the world problems that we have today. As more and more factories and industries produce gases that pollute the world, they also incr ease the effects of global warming. Gas particles fromRead MoreCauses of Global Warming525 Words   |  2 PagesHave you ever thought of what is the cause to global warming? Some people still happen to believe that global warming is a made up story, which is preventing humans from advancing. While others might believe that global warming is realistic and is a man made problem. Global warming is sooner or later going to impact you in a major way that can even change your life style. We the people need to understand that global warming can result in harmful consequences to the earth that one cannot even imagineRead MoreGlobal Warming and Its Causes1894 Words   |  8 Pagesdestroyed property of unknown value in the New Orleans region. This is a scenario that we could experience in the near future should we continue to ignore calls to address global warming issues. Should such a scenario be replicated on a global scale, the consequences would be devastating. Global Warming: An Overview Global warming according to Farrar and Mastrandrea can simply be defined as a continuing increase in Earths overall temperature (7). This increase in temperature has over time beenRead MoreThe Causes of Global Warming2456 Words   |  10 Pages Global Warming Global warming is a phrase that has been used in recent history that describes Earth’s surface temperature being warmed. Throughout history, there has been three global warming’s. They occurred in 1850; from about 1860-1880, 1915-1945, and 1975-1978 (see graph). The current warming was thought to have been generated by the discharge by man of carbon dioxide. All three of these periods of warming were divided into a period of universal cooling. The warming/cooling cycles, and theirRead MoreGlobal Warming : Causes And Effects905 Words   |  4 Pagesindependent variables that are contributing to the cause of a problem the world is currently faced with, global warming. What is global warming? Well, global warming is a rise in the Earth s average atmospheric temperature that causes corresponding changes in climate and that may result from the greenhouse effect (which I will talk more about.) Which is when our ozone layer has a hole which gradually increases, and increases heat from the sun. This causes major problems such as the polar caps meltingRead MoreGlobal Warming : Causes And Mitigation1319 Words   |  6 Pages Global Warming: Cause and Mitigation Global Warming: Cause and Mitigation Introduction The topic of global warming has received a lot of attention for the past couple of decades. The massive impacts and risks posed by this phenomenon on humans and environment have been severe, thus calling for swift attention. Basically, globalization refers to the rise of average temperature of oceans and earth’s atmosphere. Global warming is a reality which has faced the human society for over aRead MoreHumans Cause Global Warming1142 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Warming Debate Today we are debating the important topic of global warming. As the affirmative team, we strongly believe that global warming is caused by the actions of humans. But this is not just a belief, this is a fact. Global warming, by definition, is a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth s atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, CFCs, and other pollutants. The greenhouse effect is the trapping of theRead MoreThe Potential Cause Of Global Warming1689 Words   |  7 PagesThe potential causes of global warming are debated about by many scientists. Many scientists believe that global warming is natural while others believe it to be caused by mostly humans. Global warming may be completely natural for many reasons. First, Earth tends to go through cycles of heating and cooling and this wouldn’t be the first time our planet has begun to heat up unexpectedly. Second, nobody can directly correlate humans wit h global warming, we may emit CO2 but that doesn’t mean we caused

Boko Haram A Serious Problem - 1628 Words

The State of Nigeria has experienced a growing number of militants across the county. Over the past three years, there has been an increasing threat posed by growing numbers of homegrown terrorists that have managed to become a serious problem to the nation. In recent times, several terror attacks have been mounted in major towns and cities spread across the country. The major religious terrorist group, Boko Haram, has caused chaos in these areas causing substantial damage in the regions over which they have gained control. Boko Haram militants have taken over a majority of the regions in the north and declared their own version of Islamic law. In the delta region sitting directly off the coast of Guinea, armed militant groups have waged war against the government due to economic grievances. These events have come to shape the policies, ideologies, and future of the Nigeria as the country rolls into the reality of the threat posted at their own doorstep. In past three years, Boko Har am has carried out multiple attacks on several key areas in the Nigerian nation. The group began targeting military and civilian installations, resulting in a significant loss of lives. They have transformed into a religious terrorist group aimed at creating an Islamic state in Nigeria. The most infamous and audacious operation in recent history is the kidnapping of young Chibok women from a region in northeast Nigeria. The group’s goal is to institute Sharia, and they resort to extreme measuresShow MoreRelated1.) Problem Statement: Boko Haram Has Become A Rapidly942 Words   |  4 Pages 1.) Problem Statement: Boko Haram has become a rapidly increasing threat to Northern Africa and the surrounding areas. There radical Islamic ideology has made them a serious threat to many North African nations who share similar ideologies, as well as a serious threat to the South African nations who are predominantly Christian. 2.) Background: Boko Haram is an Islamic terrorist organization that originated in Nigeria in 2002. Since the conception of Boko Haram, various attacks have been upheldRead MoreINSECURITY IN NIGERIA1454 Words   |  6 Pages TOPIC: INSECURITY POVERTY AND INSURGENCY IN NIGERIA: THE BOKO HARAM CHALLENGE. ABSTRACT: This paper aims to study the insecurity in Nigeria which is widely caused by Islamic sects known as Boko Haram in Nigeria and its effects on security. This paper will also find if there is a connection between poverty and Insurgency that has led to a great unrest in NigeriaRead MoreChristian Persecution in Nigeria790 Words   |  3 PagesChristian persecution by Muslim extremists in (mainly) northern Nigeria is and has been a serious problem for several years. The main contributors to this issue are the Islamic extremist and Muslim purist organization, Boko Haram. According to Religion Today, over 3000 people have been killed since Boko Haram began it’s insurgency. Murders and jihads are a regular occurrence in Nigeria, with new reports seemingly coming out every day of another terrorist attack or mass shooting. With government beingRead MoreThe Impact of Boko Haram Insurgency on the Political Economy of Northeastern Nigeria1666 Words   |  7 PagesIMPACT OF BOKO HARAM INSU RGENCY ON THE POLITICAL-ECONOMY OF NORTHEASTERN NIGERIA, 2009 TO 2013 Introduction Nigeria is politically divided into six geo-political zones; and is religiously divided between the Christian south and the Muslim north. The northeast geo-political zone belongs to the Muslim north. This economically backward zone comprises of Adamawa, Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Taraba and Yobe states. The zone is home to Boko Haram terrorist group officially called JamÄ ÃŠ »at Ahl as-Sunnah lid-daÊ »waRead MoreThe Threat Of Boko Haram Essay1595 Words   |  7 Pagesemphasizes the preservation of the well-being of persons, including the protection of their socioeconomic, political and environmental rights. The notion of security is reorganized as a social construct, imbued with human faces (p.855). Although Boko Haram is categorized as a terrorist organization, it remains difficult to define terrorism itself under international law. With the rising of nationalist movements after the World War II in the old empires of the European powers, modern terrorism hasRead MoreA Report On Boko Haram4313 Words   |  18 Pagesand Boko Haram are clear examples of terrorist groups in Africa. Boko Haram in particular has been a juggernaut for the Nigerian government and the world at large. Their most recent abduction of 276 schoolchildren is a clear indication of their strength (Smith 11). As such, this paper will focus on the Boko Haram. Key to the analysis is its beginnings and history and its activities across the world. More importantly is the ways to try to deal with the growing Boko Haram Society. History Boko Haram’sRead MoreBoko Haram - Location And Duration1794 Words   |  8 Pages Location and Duration The Boko Haram conflict is currently taking place in Nigeria, with some minor ongoing activity in western Chad, southeast Niger and northern Cameroon. Though the group is concentrated in the northeastern states of Borno and Yobe in Nigeria, its influence has spread throughout the country. The current insurgency officially began on July 26th, 2009, and while Nigerian President Muhammadu Buharu declared the conflict ‘technically’ over in December 2015, the violence continuesRead MoreThe Threat Of Boko Haram Essay2157 Words   |  9 PagesTheorists have on the recent suicide bombing in Nigeria by terrorist cell Boko Haram would be that the intention of Boko Haram would not be that of pure rage and hatred but that of a strategic value. Nicholas Lemann highlights the views and some of the assumptions of this theory in his article What Terrorists Want. One of the main assumptions of strategic theory that this event does touch upon would be the assumption that Boko Haram has a political goal and their goal is to help create an Islamic stateRead MoreGeography Of Bliss By Eric Weiner2274 Words   |  10 Pagesthings are normal and an everyday lifestyle. Although Eric weiner made it seem like Netherlands is not a place where you can live happy because he believes that how they live their life in Netherlands could get out of hand one day and cause problems that might lead to ciaos in the country. In away this is true but in the other hand I disagree because from my understanding the government provides proper health care system and security for the people just like in Switzerland. The government ofRead MoreArgumentative Essay on Women Are Better Leaders Than Men4639 Words   |  19 Pagespolicy? Where do they stand on state creation? What is their strategy to eradicate poverty and over what time frame? What is their job plan? What is the health/education plan? How do they intend to secure the nation better — eradicate kidnapping and Boko Haram? What is their plan to industrialise Nigeria, and provide affordable housing? What is their strategy to create a sustainable new Nigerian economy without oil over the next 15 y ears? The questions are many, and unless we can see HOW they differ on

The last of the mohicans Persuasive Essay Example For Students

The last of the mohicans Persuasive Essay The Last Of the Mohicans The film is set in 1757, the third year of war between England and France for the possession of the continent. The center of the story is the most notorious event of the French and Indian War; the so-called massacre of British troops, women and children by General Montcalms Indian allies after the British surrender of Fort William Henry to the French on 9th August 1757. The Struggle between the French and English for control of North America became apparent in the late 1600s. The buffer between the two imperial powers was the presence of the five Nations of Iroquois who controlled almost all of what is now New York State. From West to East the tribes were the Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, and the Mohawk; these five were joined by the Tuscarora to form six Nations in 1711. The film correctly portrays the Iroquois as ferocious warriors who practiced torture and covered their skins with bear grease and red ochre. The gathering of Indians in the temporary mil itary camps of 1757 leads to a misrepresentation of the daily lives of northeastern Indian tribes. The Iroquois, the Delaware, nor the Huron were nomadic hunter-warriors who only lived for battle. Iroquois tribes were fundamentally agricultural, and due to being inland people were less dependent upon British and French fur traders than were the Algonquin tribes. English settlement West and North from Albany and French from the West and South from Montreal made it hard for the Iroquois to preserve both their independence from White nations and the league among themselves. The Mohawks were allied to the British, the Northern tribe called the Hurons, not allied to the Iroquois Nation, became undeclared supporters of the French. For all Iroquois, the danger of white incursion upon Iroquois lands and culture had to be balanced against the immediate benefits of acquiring the white mans goods, the iron axe, the iron plough, iron guns as much as alcohol and trinkets. Chingachgook and Uncas are descendants of Delaware as well as Mohican tribes, who are scouts and warriors who serve the British. Here historical allegiances have been altered through character association, the Delaware Indians were of pro -French sympathies. Many nations had split allegiances to the French and British. Distinctions between tribes in the film are rather blurred and differences between Mohican and Delaware are erased. Chingachgook and Uncas are clearly idealized portraits, men of nearly every virtue, few limitations and no vices. The portrayal of the character and conduct in the film of the principal historical figures is said to be accurate and fair. Colonel Monro was a brave and blunt commander who did everything possible to save his fort until he was informed no reinforcements were coming. Montcalm grants Munro a dignified condition of surrender, allowing the British troops to retain their colors, their arms, and their possessions in accord with the term of the 18th Century Parole of Hon or. The last of the Mohicans although based on an historical event has been altered to create a successful film. Much in the film can prove useful to the historian such as references to indentured servitude, the portrayal of the war leaders and the belief of the English and French that they were rulers of the continent. The natives in the film appear as individuals rather than members of a wider community and little social organization is shown in the film. The portrayal of the Indian is not a hugely realistic, but has been romanticized to create either a hero or villain. It has been said that the idea of the noble savage is cliche but it must be remembered that Hawkeye is white. He is too proud of his origins to sink into the condition of the wild Indian. The Delawares were attractive of the attention of missionaries so contact with whites would have continued for Hawkeye. The central character (hero) can be seen to represent the better qualities of both conditions, without pushing either to extremes. In all the film is useful in suggesting some of the issues in Anglo-Indian relations and has a certain historical element to it. Although it is the liberty of .ubb492263caf7973cb9dfa38c585c6fae , .ubb492263caf7973cb9dfa38c585c6fae .postImageUrl , .ubb492263caf7973cb9dfa38c585c6fae .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubb492263caf7973cb9dfa38c585c6fae , .ubb492263caf7973cb9dfa38c585c6fae:hover , .ubb492263caf7973cb9dfa38c585c6fae:visited , .ubb492263caf7973cb9dfa38c585c6fae:active { border:0!important; } .ubb492263caf7973cb9dfa38c585c6fae .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubb492263caf7973cb9dfa38c585c6fae { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubb492263caf7973cb9dfa38c585c6fae:active , .ubb492263caf7973cb9dfa38c585c6fae:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubb492263caf7973cb9dfa38c585c6fae .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubb492263caf7973cb9dfa38c585c6fae .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubb492263caf7973cb9dfa38c585c6fae .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubb492263caf7973cb9dfa38c585c6fae .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubb492263caf7973cb9dfa38c585c6fae:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubb492263caf7973cb9dfa38c585c6fae .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubb492263caf7973cb9dfa38c585c6fae .ubb492263caf7973cb9dfa38c585c6fae-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubb492263caf7973cb9dfa38c585c6fae:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Nature Versus Civilization Essay

Black History Month (BHM), is an significant month Essays

Black History Month (BHM), is an significant month and time for African Americans. During Black History Month, iconic figures in African American history are recognized for improving life for African Americans from the way it was during the times of Slavery. Names such as Dr. Martin Luther King, Rosa Parks, Malcolm X, Thurgood Marshall, and much m ore have put their lives on the line just for African Americans to get the freedom and equality that they deserve. The month reserved for Black History is February. America isn't the only country that has a month dedicated to black history, Canada and other countries have their own months dedicated to black history. Black History Month was brought about in 1915. A historian Carter G. Woodson and a minister Jesse E. Moorland, founded the Association for studying Negro life and History. The Association of studying Negro life and History was made for researching and promoting the achievements of by African Americans and others of an African descent. They created national Negro week in 1926 and they chose the second week of February because it coincides with the birthdays of Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglass. The event inspired schools and communities nationwide to hold local celebrations and more. Mayors across the country began to issue yearly proclamation recognizing Negro History Week. The Civil Rights Movement and the sudden growing awareness of African Americans made Negro History Week turn into Black History Month. Every American President has assigned February to be the month of Black History and a specific theme. African Americans have come a long way from Slavery to living freely and having a whole month dedicated to their accomplishments in African American History.

8 Suffixes for Collateral Adjectives

8 Suffixes for Collateral Adjectives 8 Suffixes for Collateral Adjectives 8 Suffixes for Collateral Adjectives By Mark Nichol The English language is remarkably adaptable, but one idiosyncrasy of this flexibility in particular creates complications for writers and speakers: collateral adjectives, those not based on and therefore not resembling their associated nouns. English has several forms, including the related suffixes -like and -ly, to signal an adjective’s relationship to a noun, but more elegant solutions often exist. Unfortunately, it’s not easy to conjure these adjectives, because they’re often borrowed from different languages than those from which their equivalent nouns were taken. If you want to explain that someone or something resembles an animal, or you want to describe behavior reminiscent of a certain animal’s, you can say or write, â€Å"He had a foxlike expression† or â€Å"It’s usually considered a womanly quality.† But for just about any animal, if you want to refer to its qualities in comparison or metaphorically, there’s a Latin root and the suffix -ine (more on this post), and the same or similar appendages serve to help you refer to other aspects: â€Å"He had a vulpine expression† or â€Å"It’s usually considered a feminine quality.† Meanwhile, fatherly, motherly, brotherly, and sisterly are all well and good, but paternal, maternal, fraternal, and sororal are all available alternatives. Here are seven suffixes commonly appended to foreign roots to form collateral adjectives, with sample adjectives and their associated nouns: -al Cerebral: brain Corporal (or carnal or physical): body Diurnal: day Dorsal (or lumbar): back Natal: birth -ar Insular: island Lunar: moon Ocular (or optic): eye Specular: mirror Vascular: blood -ary Culinary: cooking Epistolary: letter (correspondence) Maxillary: jaw Tintinnabulary: bell Tutelary: guardian -ial Aerial (or aeronautic): air Commercial: business Filial: child Initial: beginning Tonsorial: hair, barber -ic Acoustic (or sonic): sound Bucolic (or rural or rustic): countryside Civic (or metropolitan or urban): city Forensic: court Numismatic: coin -ile Infantile: baby, immaturity Juvenile (or puerile): child, youth Mobile: movement Tactile (or haptic): touch Virile: man -ine Divine: god, deity Lacustrine: lake Marine (or maritime or pelagic): ocean (or, pertaining only to marine, ship) Masculine: man Vespertine: evening -ous Amorous: love Aqueous: water Ferrous: iron Fulmineous: thunder Vitreous: glass Collateral adjectives are often the preferred choice over adjectives directly derived from a noun (for example, daily from day) only in formal, ironic, or humorously pedantic usage, but they are helpful because superficially synonymic adjectives may have different senses (for example, daily and diurnal have different meanings). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Words with More Than One Spelling15 Great Word GamesCapitalizing Titles of People and Groups

Low cost Airlines (Southwest Airlines) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Low cost Airlines (Southwest Airlines) - Essay Example This report will investigate the factors that have led to the survival and continuing success of Southwest Airlines, including the company’s financial planning, financial control, costing and the company’s efficient decision making process.The company has a unique business model of careful financial planning, control, efficient costing and a quick decision making process. Such unique business models have been known to ensure continued success in business organisations (Schein, E. H. 1980). Financial planning Southwest airlines is the only airline in the United States that has been consistently profitable for the past 3 decades, and this is mostly due to proper financial planning by the airline. The company’s financial planning model is a major reason why Southwest Airlines has remained profitable every year since its inception in the 1960s. In order to effectively carry out flight operations, an airline needs pilots, cabin crews planes that can take-off and land on the landing slots, and sales-point coordination. It is quite difficult to make these resources sustainable sources of competitiveness, as they are now much more accessible due to the development of the international markets. (Butler, G.F., and Keller, M.R. 2000). Southwest created an advantage by planning to price their fares at 60 percent below the prevailing air fares in the market. â€Å"When Southwest launched its Florida intra-state services in 1996, it offered some advanced purchase fares for as low as $29. Also, when the airline opened a Chicago-to-Cleveland route, its lowest unrestricted one-way fare was as low as $59, while those of other airlines were around $310.† (Doganis R. 2001). With this plan, the airline has been able to divert a substantial number of passengers from the road thus ensuring that the yields achieved are relatively high when measured in terms of revenue per passenger-kilometre because the fares are all point-to-point The airline’s fina ncial success comes from the company’s ability to operate at costs that are lower than the revenue generated by the airline’s operations. Although southwest’s unit revenues are not much lower than those of other competing airlines, operating on the same routes, southwest has enjoyed an advantage in the unit cost, by operating at cost levels that are as much as 40 percent below those of its major competitors. (Doganis R. 2001) Financial control Despite the economic downturn that has been experienced in the United States, Southwest Airlines has remained financially stable and ahead of its competitors in the industry. This is due to an adequate control of the company’s finances, as Southwest Airlines has been able to overcome the economic issues that have affected the airline industry. Southwest is one of the most successful airlines in the United States due to its ability to attract customers based on the exceptional services, low-fares, and the companyâ₠¬â„¢s ability to evolve and effect needed changes. â€Å"In recent years, the global price of oil has caused many airlines to collapse as airlines were forced to raise ticket prices and lose customers. Airlines were also hurt by low ridership rates.† (Bennett and Craun 1993) Southwest Airlines has been able to maintain financial control by increasing or decreasing the number of flights served per day, as against increasing the coat of travelling for their customers. As a result of this control, the customers reach their destinations on time, and without having to pay higher fares. Since low fares have become the airline’s selling point, decreasing the cost becomes a very important aspect of the company’s financial control. Southwest Airlines also tries to maintain financial control by simplifying its operating process and utilizing strategies like the maintenance of one type of aircraft, not serving meals on flights, using cash-register receipts as tickets, and not using a computer reservation system. Southwest airlines has been known to cuts flights with poor sales and

Is It Right to Act in One's Own Best Interest, Or to Obey the State Essay

Is It Right to Act in One's Own Best Interest, Or to Obey the State - Essay Example Socrates’ understanding of the legal obligations is based on the personal morality analogies. He argues that there are two key reasons why people are obliged to obey the law; the reasons are gratitude and contract. In gratitude, the law plays a role for us just like the role played by individuals whom we are mandated to be grateful. In contract, Socrates decided to obey all the laws (Green 1). Socrates applies the general moral principle or rule, which he and Crito (his friend) accept as valid after deep reflection. They agree that we are not supposed to harm others, we are supposed to honor our promises, and that we are supposed to respect or obey our teachers and parents. Socrates uses the principle in his case and argues that if he escapes he will do harm to the society, fail to honor a promise, and he will be disobeying or disrespecting his parents and teachers. He then concludes that it is his moral obligation to obey all the city’s laws despite the fact that the s entence and the conviction were wrong (Frankena 1). ... Therefore, if the law was part of the contract or the agreement, then based on the general theory, he was obliged to obey it (D’Amato 10). The moral commitment of Socrates to obey the laws necessarily entails giving a portion of his own ethical standards to the tribunal. However, his teachings taught that each individual was supposed to think for himself and discover what is morally right and what the truth is. Socrates was of the opinion that there are some immutable standards of wrong and right discoverable through the process of logical thinking. He further believed that no individual is supposed to follow (without careful consideration) the teachings of another individual even if everyone else accepted his teachings in the universe. Thus, one may argue that Socrates was inconsistent in submitting to the presentation of the law by the court of law. Socrates was not lured by the urgings of his friends to escape. His decision was based on his own path of behavior because he t hought it to be right. However, the path he chose to follow consisted of delegation of his part of his own set of ethics to Athens’ lawmaking authorities, such that they, and not him, decided that that the law sentencing him to death was morally just and right (D’Amato 12). Socrates Being Obliged to Follow the Law by the State The difference between justice and truth is a confusing concept that perhaps surrounds the manner in which Socrates’ sentencing proceeded. On one hand, following the law demands that the state is built on principles of justice in an attempt to introduce order in the society. Justice in law entails dedicating the interests of the society and its perceptions of the right

Self-Evaluations and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour

Self-Evaluations and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour Background and Rationale The current research is aimed at identifying whether there is a relationship between an individual’s core self-evaluations and their organisational citizenship behaviour. Core-self evaluations are defined as a personality trait that reflects how an individual views themselves. For example, people who have high core self-evaluations think positively of themselves and are confident in their own abilities. Organisational citizenship behaviour is a term that encompasses anything positive and constructive that employees do, of their own choice, which supports co-workers and benefits the company; such as ‘going the extra mile’. Overall, this research is aimed at finding out whether core self-evaluations directly affect organisational citizenship behaviours or whether core self-evaluations affect an individual’s level of job satisfaction and organisational commitment, which in turn affect their organisational citizenship behaviours. Being able to identify factors that affect organisational citizenship behaviour is beneficial to organisations, as they can use this information in both the selection and development of their employees. The literature relating to each concept will be discussed. Core self-evaluations The concept of core self-evaluations (CSE) was introduced by Judge, Locke Durham (1997). They describe it as â€Å"a broad concept representing the fundamental evaluations that people make about themselves and their functioning in their environment†.In other words, it is a personality trait that reflects the extent to which an individual views themselves. CSE combines four, traditionally separate and distinct, personality traits: self-esteem, general self-efficacy, emotional stability, and locus of control. This self-assessment reflects who the individual is and how the individual perceives themselves (Judge, Locke Durham, 1997). For example, individuals with a positive core self-evaluation perceive themselves in a positive way regardless of the situation. They would be likely to see themselves as capable, worthy, and in control of their lives. However, individuals with a negative core self-evaluation would see themselves as less worthy than others, dwell on their failures, an d see themselves as victims of their environment (Judge, Locke, Durham Kluger, 1998). Previous research on CSE have found that individuals with high levels of CSE have a variety of positive outcomes such as higher levels of: subjective well-being (Judge, Erez, Thoresen, Bono, 2002), job satisfaction (Judge Bono, 2001), job performance (Erez Judge, 2001), engagement (Rich, LePine, Crawford, 2010), and popularity (Scott Judge, 2009). They also report lower levels of stress and conflict, cope more effectively with setbacks, and better capitalise on advantages and opportunities (Erez Judge, 2001). Core self-evaluations and Job attitudes There is evidence to suggest that there is a relationship between core self-evaluations and job attitudes. In this case job attitudes incorporates both job satisfaction and organisational commitment. The relationship between core self-evaluations and job satisfaction has been researched by various authors in which a consistent and significant relationship has been found (Judge, Locke Durham, 1997;Judge, Locke, Durham, Kluger, 1998; Bono Judge, 2003; Dormann, Fay, Zapf Frese, 2006). Furthermore, Stumpp, Hà ¼lsheger, Muck Maier (2009) looked at the relationship between core self-evaluations and found that core self-evaluations were related to both job satisfaction and organisational commitment. Organisational Citizenship Behaviours Organisational citizenship behaviours (OCBs) are voluntary employee behaviours that are not formally rewarded by the organisation, but contribute to either the success of the whole organisation or to the well-being of other employees (Borman Motowidlo, 1993). Examples of OCBs include: assisting co-workers with their work, helping new members of the organisation, talking favourably about the organisation to outsiders, and attending non-mandatory functions that help the organisation’s image (Lee Allen, 2002). Research on OCB’s have shown that they are important as they contribute significantly to both individual level (Rotundo Sackett, 2002) and organisational-level performance outcomes (Podsakoff, Whiting, Podsakoff, Blume, 2009). Organisational Citizenship Behaviours and Job attitudes There has been a relatively large amount of research into the main effects of job attitudes on OCBs. Various meta-analyses have found that job satisfaction and organisational commitment are all positively related to OCBs (Dalal, 2005;LePine, Erez, Johnson, 2002;Organ Ryan, 1995). Furthermore, job attitudes have been conceptually linked with OCBs (Bowling, Wang Li, 2011). It is thought that that the principle of reciprocity (Cialdini, 2001;Gouldner, 1960) and social exchange theory (Cropanzano, Howes, Grandey, Toth, 1997) can predict a positive relationship between job attitudes and OCBs. For example, employees who have positive job attitudes, such as high job satisfaction, are expected to reward their organisations for giving them a good job environment, by engaging in OCBs (Dalal, 2005;LePine etal., 2002;Organ Ryan, 1995).The current study is interested in testing whether core self-evaluations moderates the effects of job attitudes on OCBs. As research has suggested that positi ve self-concept contributes to ones general level of initiative and self-confidence (Baumeister, Campbell, Krueger, Vohs, 2003), job attitudes may therefore be more strongly related to OCBs for employees who have positive core self-evaluations (CSE). Core self-evaluations and Organisational Citizenship Behaviours Although scarcely examined in previous research, CSEs are expected to be positively related to OCBs. The rationale behind this is that positive self-concept contributes to an individual’s general level of initiative and beliefs about their general level of competence (Baumeister etal., 2003). Therefore, engaging in certain OCBs requires the individual to initiate social interaction and to be confident about their level of interpersonal competence (Bowling, Wang Li, 2011). For example, offering help to a struggling co-worker or volunteering to assist a new employee. Individuals with a positive CSE are more likely to engage in OCBs that incorporate high levels of social interaction for two reasons: they do not fear social rejection and they know that they are socially competent. Other types of OCB require the individual to be confident about their beliefs and have the drive to defend those beliefs (Bowling, Wang Li, 2011). These OCB’s may include: defending the organisa tion when others criticise it, communicating ideas to help improve the organisation, or showing loyalty to the organisation. Again, individuals with a positive CSE are more likely to engage in OCBs that require this form of initiative, because they are more likely to have a high level of self-confidence. Therefore, a certain level of initiative and self-confidence may be required to perform most OCBs. Reasons for Research The current study will expand on the existing CSE literature in two ways. Firstly, it will examine the relationship between CSE and OCBs. To date, few studies have identified whether CSE affects OCB’s. There is a clear conceptual basis to expect that CSE will be positively related to OCBs as many OCBs require personal initiative and self-confidence, both of which are enhanced by positive self-evaluations (Baumeister, Campbell, Krueger, Vohs, 2003). Furthermore, the constituent traits of CSE have been linked with OCBs. For example, self-esteem (Bowling, Eschleman, Wang, Kirkendall, Alarcon, 2010), internal locus of control (O’Brien Allen, 2008) and emotional stability (Small Diefendorff, 2006) are all positively related to OCBs. It will also examine whether there is an interaction between CSE and overall job attitude (job satisfaction and organisational commitment) and test whether this moderates the CSE–OCB relationship. The current research seeks to examine whether individuals with high core self-evaluations perform more organisational citizenship behaviours or whether there are moderating effects of job satisfaction and organisational commitment

Service Providing Robots :: Robotics

Many years ago, service-providing robots have been considered no more as fictitious thoughts made by deranged scientists and professors. In recent years, people have seen it become a reality. Within the past few years, many robotic products have come out that provide services for humans. Demand for these products have increased dramatically since then. One such robot is the Roomba, by iRobot. One author stated, â€Å"Uh oh. Somebody’s going to have to clean this up, I thought, looking down at the sausage and hamburger bits all over the carpet†¦As I went to get the vacuum cleaner, I wondered if it was time to get a personal robot.† He isn’t alone, stating that more than 1.5 million domestic cleaning robots have been sold by iRobot alone. They make four different models that clean all types of surfaces. Due to this sudden increase in sales, other companies have produced other robot types. A few examples are the Zucchetti Orazio floor cleaner, the Karcher RC3000 Robocleaner, and the Electrolux EL520A Trilobite. Although demand has not caught up to the new boom in the industry, the companies will welcome consumers with open arms when they decide to make the switch also. (Toplikar) Another article, released in 2003, states that in the first six months of that year, there was a twenty-six percent increase in demand for domestic and industrious robots for households and factories. Between January and June of 2003, 80,000 new robots were sold in Europe alone, claims the UN Economic Commission for Europe and the International Federation of Robotics, despite the twelve percent drop in the robotics market the previous year. Sales in North America increased an amazing thirty-five percent; a true economical boom. Industry still uses the majority of robots in manufacturing, although domestic units continue to grow. The majority of robots are in Japan, yet sales and use of robots in the United States will likely rise up as well. In 2002, new units, such as the automated lawnmowers and vacuum cleaners, rose from 20,000 to 33,000 units in a single year. (Clark) A third article talks about the disappointment in the year 2001, when Sony’s Aibo, a limited robotic dog came out, and how robots are going to improve in the years to come. In a talk with the creator of RoboSapiens, Mark Tilden, he explains the realistic future of robots. Robots are going to match their function, such as for entertainment, cleaning, and intelligent service. Robots already are becoming exactly what he said. In the year 2010, it is predicted that there will be 55.5 million robots, with a market of $75

Media Culture: the Triumph of the Spectacle

Media Culture: the Triumph of the Spectacle â€Å"Media culture is a contested terrain across which key social groups and competing political ideologies struggle for dominance and . . . individuals live these struggles through the images, discourses, myths, and spectacle of media culture† -Douglas Kellner, Media Culture Table of Contents Introduction——————————————————————————————-3 History of Media————————————————————————————-4 Media Spectacle————————————————————————————–5 Douglas Kellner’s Contribution & Guy Debord’s Influential Analysis of Spectacle——-7 The Spectacle Form of Media Culture————————————— ———————8 The Spectacle in the World of Business———————————————————-9 The World of Celebrities————————————————————————–10 The Madonna Phenomenon———————————————————————–10 The World of Politics——————————————————————————11 Conclusion———————â₠¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€13 Bibliography—————————————————————————————-14 Introduction At the end of the twentieth century, society became more and more aware of the changes in communication technology. People began to see changes in ommunication between individuals, changes in how individuals and society communicated, and changes in communication between societies and cultures. This led to an understanding of human development. The ability to communicate with the help of symbols is one of the fundamental features that differentiate us from the rest of the animal world. Without these practical communication skills and the intellectu al capacity needed to use these skills to transmit, preserve, and propagate thoughts, emotions, and values, it would not have been possible to create such unique religious, ideological, and philosophical systems. Furthermore, without communication, we would not have art. Art has had a strong relationship with the media throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. New inventions and technology created a very favorable atmosphere for the development of new methods and means of communication. These new communication methods both benefited and furthered events within society. At the end of the 20th century, advanced methods and technologies in the field of communication fully changed the face of the world. Due to this change, some say it is very hard to find the line between reality and the reality that has been created and filtered by media. Some contemporary communication theoreticians have said that we find ourselves in the era of the simulation of the world. History of Media Mass media, a term that arose in the United States in the early 20th century with the advent of far-reaching advertising campaigns and news networks, includes all those mediums through which information is distributed to the masses. This includes advertisements, newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and the internet. According to some scientists, people started to speak of the media as far back as ancient Greece and Rome. These discussions of media focused mostly on the rhetoric surrounding the practice of persuasion. The Greek philosopher Aristotle said that rhetoric is â€Å"the faculty of discovering in any particular case all the methods of persuasion. † This kind of communication puts a heavy emphasis on meaning, and how the meaning is constructed and conveyed. Current mass media works in a similar way. One of the most important goals f today’s media is to construct a message that will convince the receiver to agree to do or believe something. The earliest surv iving copy of a paper book, a Kumarajiva translation of the Hindu text The Diamond Sutra, is dated 868 CE (AD). Due to the slow spread of literacy among the common people, and the relatively high cost of paper and production of written media, written materials did not exist as widespread media until Johannes Gutenberg’s 1450 CE invention of the printing press with movable type. Thanks to Gutenberg’s invention, printed materials suddenly became much less expensive, and the spread of information in the form of written material became much easier. However, much of the population still remained illiterate and the cost of publishing printed materials remained high enough to limit media from reaching a wide range of the population. Newspapers were first developed in 1605. The first English-language newspaper was published in Amsterdam in 1620. Soon after that, newspapers published in England, and, eventually, in America, began to reach mass audiences directly. Around this same time, America was being colonized, and printed and written materials played an important role. Revolutionary material such as Thomas Paine’s Common Sense was published and distributed to the colonists, allowing the spread of ideas that eventually resulted in the creation of the United States. The Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Mayflower Compact1 were all examples of early colonial and American documents that figured prominently in the development of America as a nation. In the 1940s, new technologies and advancements in the field of media began to emerge. Radio began to play a major role in mass communication, as America went to war. Radio could provide information much faster than newspapers. These new advents in technology allowed media to gain significance, new meaning, and wider function. Radio, film, advertising, and the press grew as industries and became the center of the culture of communication within the U. S. nd within other capitalist democracies. The culture of media became a dominant force within all aspects of life, including politics and social life. 2 It was the beginning of a new era. The media industry began to concentrate on the invention of new technologies. They both wanted to provide people with a wide range of different good s from which they could choose but also wanted to continue to develop ways in which to reach and influence people. The media could now easily affect the minds of the public, forcing the people to accept a particular set of beliefs, which occasionally diverted from actual reality. Societies started to be manipulated and people were indoctrinated. The main goal of media was and still is to be persuasive enough to attract the attention of a potential receiver, and one of the most convenient ways to accomplish this goal is through the multimedia spectacle. Media Spectacle ‘Media spectacle' is a term created by Douglas Kellner to describe the creation by modern media of a display of contemporary dreams, nightmares, fantasies and values. The phenomenon of media spectacle has evolved over centuries, starting in ancient Greece and moving forward through hundreds of years of wars and other major public events. Today, media spectacle continually strives to achieve sensation and attract attention. In the contemporary world, media spectacle exists in nearly all spheres of our lives. The role of the media is not only to inform, educate, teach, and persuade but also to entertain. The role of media today might suggest that the â€Å"fun factor† has become the leading motivation for our involvement in media and information. The main goal in media is now to attract the visual attention of potential consumers. Therefore, images have become more important than text. It is also very important for the creators and producers of media to keep up with ongoing changes in public interest and attitudes, so media companies face a continual need to be flexible and creative in order to reach consumers. This applies not only to advertisment but also to political and entertainment media in general. Media not only needs to be visual and relevant, but also attractive. Advertisers, public relations departments, and political campaigners need to create messages that are structured in an attractive way, so that it reaches viewers and corresponds to their high expectations of mass media. If this is not done, the consumer will likely not respond to the media. It frequently occurs that a person is faced with a constant influx of media. The information that he or she is presented with may come from a variety of sources, and is likely both true and false information. Over time, it may become difficult for the consumer to distinguish between what is right and what is wrong; to distinguish between reality and fiction. Modern life is shaped by media. It is a power that affects both conscious and subconscious decisions and shapes ideas. We are surrounded by media. Boorstin writes that â€Å"each society and its culture are impelled by fascination with the image and the stimulation and due to it lost its grounding in substance or reality†. 3 Douglas Kellner’s Contribution & Guy Debord’s Influential Analysis of Spectacle Widely recognized social scientist Douglas Kellner and sociologist Guy Debord focused heavily on the topic of the Media Spectacle and its impact on perceived reality. Kellner is the author of the article â€Å"Media Culture and the Triumph of the Spectacle. † The scope of his activity and achievement includes membership in the American Sociological Association. He was also a member of the editorial service board of many journals including Theory, Culture, and Society. It is this journal that for more than twenty years has published some of the most innovative works in social science. It has been in the forefront of the renewal of cultural sociology. It provides a forum for articles that theorize the relationship between culture and society. In his article Kellner refers to ideas put forward by Guy Deboard. He is known for his impact through the group known as Situationist International. This was a libertarian group that came to prominence during the May Events in France in 1968. This band of avant-garde artists and intellectuals was influenced by Dada, Surrealism and Letterism and concerned themselves with the infusion of poetry and music, and with the transformation of the urban landscape. At first, the group was principally concerned with the suppression of art, that is to say they wished, like the Dadaist and the Surrealists before them, to supercede the boundary between art and culture as separate activities and to transform them into part of everyday life. In their analysis, the Situationists argue that capitalism limited life as a spectacle. The spectacle is the main concept of their theory (in many ways they reworked Marx's view of alienation). They say that the worker is alienated from his product and from his fellow worker and finds himself living in an alien world; moreover, they argue that capitalism, in order to ensure its economic growth, has created â€Å"pseudo-needs† to increase the consumption. According to this theory, modern society, or consumer society, is now a society of spectacular commodity consumption. People within this spectacle are treated like objects, rather than like active subjects. In this theory, people are like marionettes whose strings are pulled by invisible power. The Situationists’ idea was, in spite of all kinds of separation, to make a world in which individuals could directly produce their own life; in other words, to engage people in an active, creative life. The solution, for them, was not to wait for a distant revolution but to take a different approach, a â€Å"step by step† process of the reinvention of everyday life, here and now. To transform peoples’ participation in the world was for them the same thing as changing the structure of society. In the place of the society of the spectacle the Situationists proposed a society without money, commodity production, private property, wage labour, class division, based generally on communist ideas. The most important tenet of the proposal was that the so-called pseudo-needs would be replaced by real desires. This utopial ideal seemed to some to be slightly out of touch with reality but aimed to move the focus of the world away from lies and distortion. The Situationists placed a large amount of focus on the concept that individuals should actively and consciously participate in the reconstruction of every moment of life. They called themselves Situationists because they believed that all individuals should construct the situations of their lives, release their own potential, and obtain their own pleasure. The Spectacle-Form of Media Culture As I wrote earlier, spectacle culture has expanded in every area of life â€Å"and is becoming one of the organizing principles of the economy, polity, society†4. Guy Debord argues that â€Å"spectacle is†¦ social relation among people, mediated by images. The spectacle †¦ is a world vision, which has become objectified. . . in all its specific forms, as information or propaganda, as advertisement or direct entertainment consumption, the spectacle is the present model of socially dominant life†¦. â€Å"5. The spectacle phenomenon in this case refers to both high culture and to low cultural shows. The development of new media technologies made it easier for media to exercise influence over contemporary societies and cultures. In these societies media presented with images has the edge over plain texts. The visual spectacle, which combines all aspects of culture that communicate through visual means, made itself the ruler of the â€Å"outside world†. Factories and offices where people work are visually soaked environments. Films, television, video games, and the internet are also part of the influx of visual media that affects our thinking and behaviors. Moreover, we comunicate with the help of visualization. When we are trying to cross over cultural boundaries, our knowledge is often communicated visually, for example, we may use visual cues such as map boundaries and business graphs and data. The Spectacle in the World of Business The propagation of the spectacle is a major aspect of business, and plays a decisive role in whether any given corporation will succeed or not. Businesses, in order to survive, need to be present and visible for the potential customer. Entertainment and advertisement are the powers that support the business world through various of methods, one of which is creating a ‘pseudo event’. The idea of a ‘pseudo event’ was put forward by Daniel Boorstin, an American historian, who claimed that America and other countries find themselves in an age of illusion. The ‘pseudo event’ occurs where â€Å"an event is planned and staged entirely for the media, which accrues significance through the scale of its media coverage rather than through any more disinterested assessment of its importance†. 6 So to speak â€Å"pseudo event† exist for sole purpose of supporting media publicity and serves little to no other function in real life and is considered â€Å"real† only after viewing through news, advertisements, television, or other types of media. An extremely simple example is sitting for a family portrait. The event serves no other purpose than to be viewed through a photograph. Other examples include media spectacles, and many types of news. The World of Celebrities Media contributes to the creation of celebrities. â€Å"The celebrity†¦ is the human pseudo event, fabricated for the media and evaluated in terms of the scale and effectiveness of its media yisibility†. 7 A famous person provides dominant role models and icons of fashion, style, personality, and, at the same time, leads to the enrichment of the media industry. Media entrepreneurs want celebrities involved with their projects because they believe this will help them attract audiences. Film producers use stars as mean of attracting investment to their projects. Marketers use public celebrity statements as a means of profiling and branding their products. Sports promoters use celebrity athletes to attract media attention and increase the number of people who would come to that sport event. Celebrities also make money for the individual concerned. Their success depends on various handlers and image managers that help them to develop their public persona. Celebrities invade all kinds of sites today, ranging from contests in shopping malls to the management of major political campaigns. The importance of publicity, promotion and the exploitation of the media event are omnipresent. The Madonna Phenomenon Madonna became a master in her use of image with the help of mass media. Daniel Borstin is responsible for one of the most widely quoted aphorisms about celebrity: â€Å"the celebrity is a person who is well-known for his well-knownness. . . the celebrity develops its capacity for fame, not by achieving great things, but by differentiating its own personality from those of its competitors in the public arena. â€Å"8   Madonna has achieved just that. She has total control over her shows. She writes the songs, produces the music, and designs the stage sets. She controls all aspects of her show; not just her spectacle, but also all the things she does, including her films and public appearances. Madonna's entire life turns around the presentation of her image. Madonna is one of the greatest PR machines in history and she has hired top agents, publicists, and creative personnel to market her and produce her images. From the beginning her every move was surrounded by publicity and year after year Madonna references in media culture have proliferated. â₠¬Å"9   The circulation of an image plays a very important role as well. Madonna constantly changes her public image. Whoever she is at the moment; a good girl gone bad or a virgin in white, a glamour queen or a cosmic spirit or, finally, a doting mother, her ability to change images every couple of years has fascinated the world, and has been vital in her success. There is also other side of the coin, the pessimistic one, that assumes that Madonna is a victim of her own image, or that she finds herself in an artificially constructed reality. That problem is not only a problem for her, but also for our culture as a whole. Image is dominating more and more of our lives. The World of Politics â€Å"The brutal reality of the modern age is that all famous people are treated like celebrities by mass media, whether they be a great political figure, a worthy campaigner, an artist touched by genius, a serial killer. The newspapers and television programs responsible for their publicity do not draw any meaningful distinction between how they are publicised. â€Å"10 The most significant thing is to make a spectacle of oneself in order to be recognizable. If you want to gain the state of being popular you have to make yourself highly desirable, and the most important thing is to be visible through the media. No special achievements are needed to be popular; only the attraction of public attention is required. In the world of politics, if one wants to be good politician, one has to be spectacular. The management of the media' reporting of politics has become increasingly important to contemporary political campaigns. Public relations consultants, media advisers, and press officers have become standard components of the contemporary world of politics. Media spectacle is also an inseparable part of politics. It can often be seen that most well-known people engage in politics. This can be interpreted as political manipulation. It is possible that it is useful because spectators find it easier to identify with a celebrity that they know from TV than with a person that they are seeing for the first time. Conclusion In the contemporary world, mass media, and as a part of mass media, media spectacle, play very important roles. So many people live their lives or parts of their lives vicariously through the image world of the media- through TV, through soap operas, through any media outlet. Everything is just a matter of subjective perspective; everything is relative, depending on where you stand. Everything turns around the world we choose or create for ourselves. There is no reality, there are only images, different images. We can only see the world from where we stand, from that context, that language, that constructed reality. In other words, the things that you say and do are all coming from the outside-from the world of media. The real you is lost. Life becomes virtual, and we are living in the image. Bibliography: 1. Reader â€Å"Literary and Cultural Representation of American Society: Visual Media†, Prof. Dr. R. Isensee, â€Å"Super Media, A Cultural Studies Approach†, Michael R. Real, pp. 26 2. â€Å"Media Culture, Cultural studies, identity and politics between the modern and the postmodern. †, Douglas Kellner, pp. 16. 3. â€Å"Understanding celebrity†, Graeme Turner, Introduction, pp. 5. 4. Reader â€Å"Literary and Cultural Representation of American Society: Visual Media†, Prof. Dr. R. Isensee, â€Å"Media Culture and the Triumph of the Spectacle†, Douglas Kellner, pp. 1. 5. Debord Guy, â€Å"Separation Perfected†, in Evans and Hall(eds. ), â€Å"Visual Culture†,the Reader. Sage Publication, pp. 95-96 6. â€Å"Understanding celebrity†, Graeme Turner, Introduction, pp. 5. 7. â€Å"Understanding celebrity†, Graeme Turner, Introduction, pp. 5. 8. â€Å"Understanding celebrity†, Graeme Turner, Introduction, pp. 5. 9. â€Å"Media Culture, Cultural studies, identity and politics between the modern and the postmodern. †, Douglas Kellner, pp. 268 10. â€Å"Understanding celebrity†, Graeme Turner, Introduction, pp. 7. 11. â€Å"Visual Persuation- The Role of Images in Advertising†, Paul Messaris 12 â€Å"Mass Media and Society†(second edition), editied by James Curran and Michael Gurevitch.

The Revival Of Confucian Ethics - 1269 Words

Ashley Beteta Professor Lee Seung Ah Korean 40, Discussion 1B 10 December 2015 A Need for the Revival of Confucian Ethics South Korea’s education system has been viewed as a success as 93% of students graduate from high school. Furthermore this has caused countries around the world to praise Korea’s educational curriculum and the results it has produced by â€Å"rank[ing] at the top of the Programme for International Student Assessment survey results in reading, mathematics and science. South Korea is also one of the highest educated nations in the world† (ICEF 2014). Hence, it’s achievements have also been brought to attention by the United States president Barak Obama in 2009 as he compared South Korea’s education with America’s by†¦show more content†¦The success of the Korean educational system is credited to being influenced through Confucianism, resulting in the â€Å"educational fever† that has encompassed South Korea. When Confucianism was introduced during the Chosà »n Dynasty (1392-1910) it originally served as a way to maintain power for the upperclassmen. However, Confucianism began to replace the influence of Buddhism, leaving in its place, â€Å"a national ideology and religion, largely determined politics, economy, society, culture, and education† (Lee 3). In other words, Confucian ideals began to form the basis of Korean society during the Chosà »n Dynasty, which continued into Japanese colonialism (1910-1945) and remnants of it are still present today better known as Neo-Confucian. These ideals helped Koreans survive the turmoil it experienced as it was colonized, liberated, went through the Korean War and the 1997 IMF crisis. Since education had only accessible for the elite during the Chà ´sun dynasty, its association with this drove Koreans to embed education as way to achieve upw ard social mobility. However, social mobility through education is no longer as attainable as it was a few decades ago due to the overpopulated amount of students seeking higher education and competitive job market. Subsequently, Neo-Confucianism is beginning